"When Buffalo Ran" by George Bird Grinnell is a historical account written in the early 20th century. The narrative centers around the life and experiences of a young Native American boy named Wikis, reflecting the traditions and struggles of his tribe as they navigate their existence on the Great Plains. Through his eyes, the story reveals the unique lessons learned from his family and culture, all intertwined with the challenges posed by the encroaching effects of modernity. The opening of the narrative introduces the peaceful life on the prairie, where the young Wikis is raised amidst the simple yet profound lessons of survival, community, and bravery. Early memories recount a traumatic event involving an enemy raid on his camp while he was only five or six, leading to his mother's desperate escape with him and his sister. This harrowing experience sets a tone of resilience as Wikis grows up, learning to hunt, and strive for bravery and respect among his people, guided by the teachings of his uncle and grandmother. The reader is drawn into the rich tapestry of Native American life, marked by traditions, spiritual beliefs, and the stark realities of living in harmony with nature and facing threats, both external and internal. (This is an automatically generated summary.)