"English Satires" by William Henry Oliphant Smeaton is a collection of satirical works exploring the development of satire in English literature from the medieval period to the 19th century. Compiled in the late 19th century, this text focuses on key figures in the tradition of English satire, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate, and Jonathan Swift. Through a representative selection, the compilation illustrates the thematic and stylistic evolution of satire, reflecting societal critiques and literary characteristics across various eras. The opening of the collection includes a preface by the author outlining the purpose and structure of the volume, as well as detailed introductions to individual pieces that allow readers to appreciate the nuances of different satirical approaches. The first excerpt features Langland's "Pilgrimage in Search of Do-well," where the Dreamer embarks on a quest for virtue, encountering various characters along the way. Tension arises from the notion of Do-well being elusive, as the Dreamer seeks guidance but faces confusion even among the learned. This initial exploration sets the stage for further satirical commentary on morality and societal institutions through the subsequent selections, such as Chaucer’s sharp portraits of a monk and a friar, each embodying flaws in the religious order. (This is an automatically generated summary.)