"Modern Leaders: Being a Series of Biographical Sketches" by Justin McCarthy is a collection of biographical essays written in the late 19th century. The book provides an intricate examination of notable figures from various spheres, including politics, literature, and society, focusing on their intellect and character. The opening portion suggests that the author aims to present personal insights and evaluations, grounded in his observations and encounters, to give readers an understanding of these influential individuals. The opening of the book introduces the author's intention to offer a unique perspective on prominent contemporary figures. McCarthy emphasizes that his sketches are not mere repetitions of existing literature but rather reflections based on personal experiences and direct observations of the subjects in their societal context. He begins by discussing the changing perceptions of monarchy in Europe, particularly focusing on Queen Victoria, and sets the stage for evaluating how these leaders interface with contemporary political dynamics. The author articulates a nuanced view of loyalty and governance, hinting at shifts in public sentiment that challenge the status quo of monarchical power. (This is an automatically generated summary.)