"Oliver Cromwell" by Samuel Rawson Gardiner is a historical account written in the late 19th century. The book provides a comprehensive biography of Oliver Cromwell, the influential Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, detailing his rise in political power and governance. It covers the complexities of his character and life, as well as the impact he had on English history, particularly during the English Civil War and the establishment of the Commonwealth. The opening of the text introduces Oliver Cromwell, born in 1599 in Huntingdon, detailing his early life, family background, and educational journey. It highlights Cromwell's moral and religious convictions, exploring how his upbringing, influenced by Puritanism, shaped his approach to politics and governance. Early accounts of his public career are provided, along with insights into the societal norms of his time, setting the stage for understanding his significant role in the conflict between the monarchy and Parliament. The stage is set for later discussions on his military successes and the broad political implications of his leadership during a pivotal moment in English history. (This is an automatically generated summary.)