"Mail Carrying Railways Underpaid" by the Committee on Railway Mail Pay is a detailed report on the compensation issues surrounding railway mail services in the United States, written during the early 20th century. This publication serves as a formal statement from a committee representing a vast network of railroads, covering approximately 214,275 miles operated by 268 companies, and addresses the critical topic of the disparity between railway mail pay and the financial burdens railroads incur in providing these services. The document outlines the committee's arguments regarding the inadequacy of current railway mail compensation, suggesting that the payments do not cover the operating costs incurred by the railways, nor do they provide any return on investment. It highlights empirical data and arguments refuting claims made by the Postmaster-General concerning overpayment to railroads, suggesting that recent payment reductions have left the railways in a financially untenable position. The committee emphasizes the need for legislative action to readjust these payment structures to prevent further financial strain on railway companies, especially with the impending increase in mail volume due to the introduction of Parcels Post. The report systematically critiques the methods used to calculate mail pay, advocating for a system that ensures fair compensation for the essential services railways provide to the postal system. (This is an automatically generated summary.)