"Gandhi and Anarchy" by Sir C. Sankaran Nair is a critical account of Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy and methods, written in the early 20th century. The work primarily examines Gandhi's concept of Swaraj (self-rule) and the non-violent methods he advocated for India’s independence, arguing against the effectiveness of these approaches and cautioning against their potential for inciting violence and chaos. The author, Nair, is clearly skeptical about Gandhi's ideas and the implications they hold for both political stability and social order in India. The opening of the book lays out Sir C. Sankaran Nair's ideologies and criticisms of Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement. He contends that Gandhi's refusal to engage with conventional governance structures, such as the legislative councils, undermines the quest for effective self-rule. Rather than leading to true independence, Nair argues that Gandhi's reliance on "soul force" and emotional appeals can only result in anarchic conditions, thus questioning Gandhi's true intentions. Nair emphasizes that the path advocated by Gandhi poses a danger to the political progress of India, particularly drawing attention to the communal tensions that arise from intertwining religious and political aims, specifically through the Khilafat movement. Through his opening statements, Nair suggests that Gandhi’s plans, while noble in intention, are disconnected from the practical needs of Indian society and governance. (This is an automatically generated summary.)