"Two English queens and Philip" by Martin A. S. Hume is a historical account written in the early 20th century. It probes the diplomatic, dynastic, and religious contest binding Mary I and Elizabeth I of England to Philip II of Spain, showing how marriage policy, alliance-making, and confessional conflict steered Anglo-Spanish relations toward open confrontation. The opening of this work follows Emperor Charles V’s strenuous bid (1552–1553) to keep England out of France’s orbit, his dispatch of Simon Renard and other envoys to London, and the succession crisis after Edward VI’s death. While Northumberland tries to enthrone Jane Grey, the Imperial envoys hedge, but Mary Tudor boldly proclaims herself and is triumphantly recognized; Charles counsels moderation and urges her to marry. Renard then carefully steers Mary toward a foreign match and, above all, Philip, who accepts the political sacrifice, breaking off his Portuguese prospect. The narrative then turns to Mary’s coronation pageantry, the French ambassador Noailles’s counter-intrigue, Parliament’s plea against a foreign spouse, and Mary’s firm decision to proceed. A hard-fought marriage treaty sharply limits Philip’s authority in England, yet public alarm—stoked by French agents—erupts into the Carew stirrings and Wyatt’s rebellion; Mary’s steadiness, her Guildhall speech, and swift reprisals save the crown while Elizabeth and Courtenay fall under suspicion. With revolt suppressed and the betrothal ratified, the scene shifts to Philip’s lavish preparations, gifts, and fleet, culminating in his summer 1554 arrival at Southampton, as the court still wrangles over clemency and control. (This is an automatically generated summary.)