概览
都江堰位于成都平原西北缘岷江出山口，始建于公元前 256 年前后，由秦蜀郡太守李冰父子主持修建，是世界上现存年代最久、仍在使用的无坝引水工程。两千二百多年来它一直灌溉着成都平原，造就「水旱从人」的天府之国，2000 年列入世界文化遗产。2018 年它又入选世界灌溉工程遗产名录。[2]
历史沿革
战国末期岷江水患频发，李冰父子总结「深淘滩、低作堰」的治水六字诀，凿离堆、筑鱼嘴，使岷江分为内江外江。汉代以后历代岁修不辍，二王庙即后世为纪念李冰父子所建。如今都江堰灌区覆盖千万亩良田，工程至今仍在持续发挥效益。「乘势利导、因时制宜」的治水思想影响至今。[1]
看点
鱼嘴分水堤将岷江一分为二，实现四六分水、二八排沙；飞沙堰在汛期自动泄洪排沙；宝瓶口是凿穿玉垒山的引水口，三大主体工程首尾呼应、巧夺天工。伏龙观俯瞰宝瓶口，安澜索桥（夫妻桥）横跨内外两江，二王庙依山面江，玉垒阁可览工程全貌。离堆上的伏龙观，传为李冰降伏孽龙之处。[1]
参观贴士
成都犀浦站乘成灌快铁至离堆公园站，出站即达景区。经典路线：伏龙观—宝瓶口—飞沙堰—鱼嘴—安澜索桥—二王庙，全程约三小时，建议听讲解以读懂工程原理。每年清明前后举行放水节仿古祭祀；夏季水量丰沛时最显气势。安澜索桥行走摇晃，请按指引分批通过，勿在桥面停留拍照。[1]
Overview
Where the Min River leaves the mountains at the northwestern edge of the Chengdu Plain, the Dujiangyan Irrigation System was built around 256 BC under governor Li Bing and his son. It is the world's oldest surviving dam-free diversion project still in use, watering the plain for over 2,200 years and creating the 'land of abundance.' UNESCO listed it in 2000.
Facing the Min's floods, the Li family followed the maxim 'dredge the shoals deep, build the weirs low,' cutting the Bottle-Neck Channel through Yulei Mountain and splitting the river at the Fish Mouth levee — inner and outer channels that divide water four-to-six and shed eighty percent of the silt at the Flying Sand Weir. Generations maintained the works, and the Erwang Temple honors the father and son. Fulong Temple overlooks the channel, the Anlan suspension bridge spans both rivers, and Yulei Pavilion surveys the whole ingenious system.
Take the intercity train from Chengdu's Xipu Station to Lidui Park Station, right at the gate. The classic route — Fulong Temple, Bottle-Neck Channel, Flying Sand Weir, Fish Mouth, Anlan Bridge, Erwang Temple — takes about three hours and rewards a guide. The Water-Releasing Festival is held around Qingming; summer's full flow shows the works at their most dramatic.
