概览
北海公园位于故宫西北，与中海、南海合称「三海」，是中国现存历史最悠久、保存最完整的古典皇家园林，占地约 69 公顷，水面过半。全园以琼华岛为中心，山顶白塔与太液池碧波相映，儿歌「让我们荡起双桨」唱的正是这里。全园承袭中国古代皇家园林「一池三山」的营建传统。[1]
历史沿革
北海的营建可追溯至辽代，金大定十九年（1179 年）在此建大宁宫，元代成为大都皇城太液池，明清两代作为西苑屡加扩建，形成今日格局。琼华岛白塔建于清顺治八年（1651 年），是一座 35.9 米高的藏式喇嘛塔，为顺治帝应西藏喇嘛之请所建。1925 年北海辟为公园，向公众开放。[1]
看点
琼华岛白塔是全园标志，山麓永安寺依山而建；北岸的九龙壁高逾五米，双面各蟠九条琉璃巨龙，是中国现存三座古代九龙壁中唯一的双面壁；静心斋被誉为「园中之园」，濠濮间、画舫斋曲径通幽；团城承光殿内的白玉佛与殿前的渎山大玉海，相传为元代忽必烈盛酒之器。[1]
参观贴士
南门入园先游团城，再过永安桥登琼华岛，渡船或步行绕至北岸看九龙壁与静心斋，全程约三小时。夏季湖面可泛舟，冬季常设冰场。傍晚在白塔下看落日余晖洒在太液池上，是北海最经典的画面；园中仿膳饭庄以清宫御膳点心闻名，豌豆黄、小窝头值得一试。琼华岛与北岸之间有游船摆渡，可节省脚力。[1]
Overview
Northwest of the Forbidden City, Beihai Park is China's oldest surviving classical imperial garden, covering about 69 hectares, more than half of it water. Centered on Qionghua Island in Taiye Lake, its hilltop White Dagoba mirrored in the rippling water is one of Beijing's most beloved images, immortalized in the song 'Let Us Sway Twin Oars.'
The site's palace gardens date to the Liao dynasty; the Jin built the Daning Palace here in 1179, the Yuan made it the imperial Taiye Lake of Dadu, and the Ming and Qing expanded it as their Western Garden. The 35.9-meter Tibetan-style White Dagoba rose in 1651, and the park opened to the public in 1925. Don't miss the double-sided Nine-Dragon Screen of glazed tiles — unique among China's three surviving screens — the 'garden within a garden' of Jingxinzhai, and the massive Yuan-dynasty jade wine vessel in the Round City.
Enter at the south gate for the Round City, cross Yong'an Bridge to Qionghua Island, then ferry or walk to the north shore for the Nine-Dragon Screen and Jingxinzhai — about three hours in all. Rowboats run in summer and an ice rink opens in winter; sunset beneath the White Dagoba is the classic view, and the Fangshan Restaurant in the park is famous for imperial-style pastries.
