概览
八达岭长城位于北京市延庆区军都山，是明长城中保存最完整、最具代表性的一段。城墙沿山脊蜿蜒起伏，平均高约 7.8 米，顶面可容五马并骑。八达岭扼居庸关北口，自古为兵家必争之地，素有「居庸之险不在关而在八达岭」之说。1987 年长城整体列入世界文化遗产名录。[2]
历史沿革
八达岭段长城始建于明弘治十八年（1505 年），嘉靖、万历年间持续修筑加固，现存城墙与敌楼多为明代遗存。1958 年，八达岭成为最早正式对中外游客开放的长城景区，此后接待过数百位各国元首与政府首脑，是中国对外交往的一张名片，也是无数人「长城初体验」的目的地。[1]
看点
景区分南北两段，北八楼海拔约 888 米，是八达岭制高点，登临可览群山间巨龙般的城垣走势；南段坡度较缓、游人相对较少。沿线敌楼、垛口、射孔保存完好，「不到长城非好汉」碑与长城博物馆分布在关城内外。秋季层林尽染、天高云淡，是公认的游览佳季。关城内的中国长城博物馆公版开放，可系统了解长城历史。[1]
参观贴士
北京市区可乘市郊铁路 S2 线或京张高铁至八达岭长城站，也可乘 877 路公交直达。全程步行约需三至四小时，体力有限者可乘索道或地面缆车直达高段敌楼附近。城上台阶陡且多，务必穿防滑鞋；夏季注意防晒补水，冬季山风凛冽，需添衣保暖。高铁八达岭长城站距索道站步行可达，返程票建议提前购买。[1]
Overview
At Badaling in Beijing's Yanqing District, the best-preserved and most visited section of the Ming Great Wall snakes along mountain ridges, averaging about 7.8 meters high with a top wide enough for five horses abreast. Guarding the northern pass of Juyongguan, it was a strategic chokepoint for centuries. The Great Wall was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
Construction here began in 1505 and continued through the Jiajing and Wanli reigns; in 1958 Badaling became the first section of the Wall formally opened to visitors, and it has since received hundreds of heads of state. The north section climbs to Watchtower No. 8 at about 888 meters, the highest point, while the south section offers gentler slopes and thinner crowds. The Great Wall Museum and the famous 'He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man' stele stand near the pass.
From downtown Beijing, take the S2 suburban rail or the Beijing–Zhangjiakou high-speed train to Badaling Great Wall Station, or bus 877. Walking the full open section takes three to four hours; cable cars and a funicular serve the upper towers. Steps are steep and uneven — wear grippy shoes, bring sun protection in summer and warm layers in winter.
