概览
圆明园位于北京西北郊，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，占地约 350 公顷，曾是清代帝王经营一百五十余年的皇家御苑，汇聚江南名园与西洋建筑精华，被誉为「万园之园」。1860 年遭英法联军焚毁，如今作为遗址公园开放，残柱断壁与荷塘碧波并存。它也是中国近代史上最沉重的一处文化记忆。[1]
历史沿革
圆明园始建于清康熙四十六年（1707 年），原为康熙帝赐给皇四子胤禛的赐园，雍正、乾隆、嘉庆诸朝不断扩建，五代清帝常年在此理政起居。咸丰十年（1860 年）英法联军劫掠并纵火，万园之园化为焦土，此后又屡遭劫掠拆毁。1976 年成立管理处，1988 年作为遗址公园正式对外开放。[1]
看点
长春园西洋楼景区的大水法、远瀛观石雕残迹是圆明园最具标志性的画面；万花阵（黄花阵）迷宫按原样复建，可穿行其间。福海是园中最大水面，夏日荷花满塘；正觉寺保存较完整，现为圆明园博物馆所在地；全景沙盘与出土文物展帮助想象盛时「万园之园」的规模。圆明园展览馆与盛时全景沙盘位于大宫门附近。[1]
参观贴士
地铁 4 号线圆明园站下车即到南门。园区极大，建议南门入后直奔西洋楼遗址，再乘船或电瓶车游福海一线，全程约三小时。秋季银杏与残荷别有意味，圆明园罹难纪念日（10 月 18 日）前后常有主题展览。园内水面多，夏季注意防蚊防晒。夏季荷花节期间，福海水面还有黑天鹅栖息。[1]
Overview
In northwestern Beijing, the Old Summer Palace — Yuanmingyuan — once united three gardens across about 350 hectares. Built and tended by five generations of Qing emperors over 150 years, it gathered the finest gardens of Jiangnan alongside Western-style palaces, earning the name 'Garden of Gardens.' Burned by Anglo-French forces in 1860, it survives today as a ruin park where broken marble columns rise above lotus ponds.
Begun in 1707 as a gift from the Kangxi Emperor to his son, the garden was expanded under Yongzheng and Qianlong into an imperial residence and seat of government; after its destruction in 1860 and decades of further plunder, it formally opened as a protected ruin park in 1988. The carved fragments of the Grand Waterworks are its emblematic image, while the restored Wanhua maze, the vast Fuhai lake, and the Yuanmingyuan Museum in Zhengjue Temple complete a visit.
Take subway Line 4 to Yuanmingyuan Park Station for the south gate. Head straight to the Western Mansions ruins, then cruise or ride the shuttle around Fuhai — about three hours in all. Autumn ginkgos and withered lotus make for haunting photographs, and themed exhibitions often mark the October 18 anniversary of the garden's destruction. Bring mosquito repellent in summer.
