概览
西安城墙是中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代城垣，周长 13.74 公里，高 12 米，底宽 15 至 18 米、顶宽 12 至 14 米，城上可并行自行车。墙、门、楼、河（护城河）防御体系完整，环绕明西安府城一周，是这座古都最壮观的地标。[1]
历史沿革
城墙始建于明洪武三年至十一年（1370—1378 年），在唐长安皇城旧址上扩建而成，设长乐（东）、永宁（南）、安定（西）、安远（北）四门，取「长安永定」之意。明清两代多次修葺，清乾隆年间大规模包砖加固。二十世纪八十年代起历经系统修缮，城墙全线贯通，成为环绕老城的立体公园。[1]
看点
南门永宁门修复最完整，瓮城、箭楼、闸楼与吊桥俱全，常举办仿古入城仪式；城墙上 98 座敌台与 5984 个垛口均匀分布，角楼高耸。租车骑行环城一周约一个半小时，是饱览老城格局的最佳方式；含光门遗址博物馆内可看到唐代城门门道遗存。四座角楼与魁星楼是城墙上层次最丰富的建筑。[1]
参观贴士
登城口多处，以永宁门（南门）最方便，地铁 2 号线永宁门站下车即到。城墙开放至晚间，夏季建议傍晚登城，避开烈日兼赏夜景；自行车租赁点分布于各主门，押金与租金以现场公示为准。雨雪天城砖湿滑，骑行需注意安全。各登城口开放时间略有不同，以景区当日公告为准。[1]
Overview
Xi'an's City Wall is the largest and most complete ancient fortification surviving in China: 13.74 kilometers long, 12 meters high, and wide enough on top — 12 to 14 meters — for bicycles to ride abreast. Wall, gates, towers, and moat form an intact defensive ring around the old Ming city, and it remains the ancient capital's most imposing landmark.
Built between 1370 and 1378 on the foundations of the Tang imperial city, the wall's four main gates — Changle, Yongning, Anding, and Anyuan — spell out the wish for 'eternal peace.' Qing-era repairs encased it in brick, and systematic restoration since the 1980s reopened the full loop. The south gate, Yongningmen, retains its barbican, archery tower, and drawbridge; 98 ramparts and 5,984 battlements line the route, and the Hanguang Gate museum preserves Tang-era gate passages.
The south gate is the easiest entry, beside Yongningmen Station on subway Line 2. The wall stays open into the evening — go near sunset in summer for cooler air and city lights. Bike rentals are available at the main gates; the full loop takes about ninety minutes. Bricks get slippery in rain and snow.
